PARAM Siddhi-AI is a high-performance computing-artificial intelligence (HPC-AI) and by far the fastest supercomputer developed in India.
PARAM 8000
The PARAM 8000 was the first machine built from scratch; this 64-node machine was unveiled in August 1991. Each node used Inmos T800/T805 transputers; this 256-node machine had a theoretical performance of 1Gflops; however, in practice, it has just around 100-200Mflops.
PARAM 8000 was created on a distributed memory MIMD architecture with a reconfigurable interconnection network.
PARAM 8600
PARAM 8600 was an improved version of PARAM 8000 unveiled in 1992. C-DAC wanted to integrate the Intel i860 processor to add more power. Each 8600 cluster was as powerful as 4 PARAM 8000 clusters.
PARAM 9000
The PARAM 9000 was first demonstrated in 1994, designed to merge cluster processing and massively parallel processing computing workloads. This system used 32–40 processors and scaled up to 200 CPUs by using the Clos network topology. The PARAM 9000/SS was the SuperSPARC II processor variant; the PARAM 9000/US used the UltraSPARC processor, and the PARAM 9000/AA used the DEC Alpha.
PARAM 10000
The PARAM 10000 was unveiled in 1998. This supercomputer had independent nodes, each based on the Sun Enterprise 250 server; each server contained two 400 Mhz UltraSPARC II processors. The maximum speed of this system was 6.4 Gflops. This would contain 160 CPUs and be capable of 100 Gflops, easily scalable to the Tflop range.
PARAM Padma
PARAM Padma was introduced in December 2002. The first Indian supercomputer to enter the Top500 list of supercomputers in the world, it ranked 171 in June 2003. PARAM Padma had a peak speed of 1024 Gflops (about 1 Tflops). The machine used IBM POWER4 processors.
PARAM Yuva
PARAM Yuva was unveiled in November 2008 and was ranked 69 in the Top500 list of supercomputers in the world. This supercomputer has a maximum sustainable speed (Rmax) of 38.1 Tflops and a maximum speed (Rpeak) of 54 Tflops. It had a storage capacity of 25 TB up to 200 TB and used PARAMNet-3 as its primary interconnect.
Param Yuva II
PARAM Yuva II was unveiled in February 2013. It was created in three months at the cost of ₹160 million. It performed at the peak of 524 Tflops, about ten times faster than the present facility, and will consume 35 per cent less energy than the existing facility. According to CDAC, the supercomputer can deliver a sustained performance of 360.8 Tflops on the community standard LINPACK benchmark. This Indian supercomputer was to achieve more than 500 Teraflops.
PARAM ISHAN
PARAM-ISHAN was unveiled in September 2016 as a 250 Teraflops capacity hybrid HPC at IIT Guwahati. It has 162 compute nodes with 300TB of storage based on a lustre parallel file system.
PARAM Brahma
This supercomputer had a computational power of 850 Teraflops with 1 PetaByte storage capacity. It was built in India under the National Supercomputing Mission, co-funded by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and the Department of Science and Technology, where C-DAC and IISc steered this mission. ‘PARAM Brahma‘ is supported by a unique cooling system called direct contact liquid available in India. This cooling system effectively uses the thermal conductivity of liquids, namely water, in maintaining the system’s temperature during operations. As of 2020, this supercomputer is available at IISER Pune.
PARAM Siddhi-AI
PARAM Siddhi-AI is a high-performance computing-artificial intelligence (HPC-AI) and by far the fastest supercomputer developed in India with an Rpeak of 5.267 Pflops and 4.6 Pflops Rmax (Sustained). The AI helps research in advanced materials, computational chemistry and astrophysics, health care system, flood forecasting and Covid-19 application through faster simulations, medical imaging and genome sequencing. In November 2020, PARAM Siddhi-AI ranked 63 among the most powerful supercomputers in the world. This supercomputer is built on the NVIDIA DGX SuperPOD reference architecture networking and C-DAC’s indigenously developed HPC-AI engine, software frameworks and cloud platform.
Supercomputers under the National Supercomputing Mission
PARAM Shivay
PARAM Shivay was a high-performance, high computing cluster with 833 Teraflop capacity built at the cost of Rs 32.5 crore under the NSM at IIT-BHU. The PARAM Shivay supercomputer uses more than one lakh twenty thousand compute cores (CPU + GPU cores) to offer a peak compute power of 833 Teraflops. PARAM Shivay was the first supercomputer assembled indigenously at IIT (BHU), followed by PARAM Shakti, PARAM Brahma, PARAM Yukti and PARAM Sanganak at IIT-Kharagpur IISER, Pune, JNCASR, Bengaluru and IIT Kanpur, respectively.
PARAM Sanganak
PARAM Sanganak was set up at IIT Kanpur under the build approach under the NSM with a peak computing power of 1.3 Petaflops.
PARAM Pravega
PARAM Pravega is a supercomputer installed under NSM at the Indian Institute of Science in January 2022. It runs on CentOS 7.x, has 4 petabytes of storage and a peak computing power of 3.3 Petaflops. Param Pravega is a part of the High-Performance Computing class of systems, is a mix of heterogeneous nodes, with Intel Xeon Cascade Lake processors for the CPU nodes and NVIDIA Tesla V100 cards on the GPU nodes. This machine hosts an array of program development tools, utilities, and libraries for developing and executing High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications.
The IISC Bengaluru already has a cutting-edge supercomputing facility established several years ago. In 2015, the Institute procured and installed SahasraT, which was the fastest supercomputer in the country.
